Force on a conductor in a magnetic field the experiment illustrated in fig. The armature is placed in between north pole and south pole of a permanent or an electromagnet as shown in the diagram above. In the case of three phase ac alternating current operation, the most widely used motor is a 3 phase induction motor, as this type of motor does not require an additional starting device. Basic principle the electric motor operation is based on the following points. The development of a prospective simulation will serve as a guide in converting a diesel engine into 100% electric engine, this conversion will solve the problems facing nowadays in an energy. The motor being dissected here is a simple electric motor that you would typically find in a toy. If the efficiency of the electric motor is low, environmental problems such as emission of greenhouse gases are induced.
As the conductors are carrying current inside a magnetic field, they will experience a force which. In your house, almost every mechanical movement that you see around you is caused by an ac alternating current or dc direct current electric motor. Try building a basic one in your garage and you would have started your journey in the world of electric cars. In addition to providing basic information about ac motors in general, this course also includes an overview of. Pdf the possibility of using electrical motor for boat. One of the most common electrical motor used in most applications is known as induction motor. Newnes is an imprint of elsevier linacre house, jordan hill, oxford ox2 8dp, uk 30 corporate drive, suite 400, burlington, ma 01803, usa first published 1993 as electrical and electronic principles 1 by edward arnold second edition 2001. Electric motors provide motive power to a variety of devices. At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. An electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention. For instance, a 100 horsepower, threephase motor operating with voltages of 598, 575 and 552 applied at the motor terminals is running with a 4% voltage unbalance 100 x 23575. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. The working principle of the electric motor mainly depends on the interaction of magnetic and electric field.
If the armature winding is supplied by an external dc source, current starts flowing through the armature conductors. Armature or rotor, commutator, brushes, axle, field magnet, dc power supply of some sort. Motor speci cations usually involve several quantities. Aug 06, 2016 principle of electric motor and generator slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Once you have the wire in both needles, its time to hook your wire up to the. Principle of operation universal motors a universal motor is a singlephase series motor, which is able to run on either alternating current ac or direct current dc and the characteristics are similar for both ac and dc. If the copper ring is moved away from the end of the permanent magnet, the direction of force will reverse and become attractive rather than repulsive followup question. Principle, construction and working of an electric motor meant for cbse class x students. Electrical motors ppt electric motor engines free 30. An electric motor is an electromagneticdevice that converts electrical energy intomechanical energy the first electric motor was invented bywilliam sturgeon in 1832 the first commercially successful electricmotor was created in 1873 today, electric motors can be found in avariety of appliances. A magnetic starter or other motor controllers may include overload devices, or they may be an integral part. The rotating motion is achieved by magnetising the armature, as well as the pole shoes.
Just about everything in ones life that whine, whirrs or clicks does so because an electric motor caused the motion. Electric motor operating principles and circuits 4 singlephase a. This device is a link between the car batteries and the actual motor. How real electric motors work educating global leaders. My original aim was to bridge the gap between specialist textbooks which are pitched at a level too academic for the average user and the more prosaic handbooks, which are full of useful detail but provide. Since the loop has become a magnet, one side of it will be attracted to the north pole of the magnet and the other to the south pole. Consequently, the rated output of 100 horsepower should be derated to approximately 82 hp to reduce the possibility of damage to the motor. These types of motors are known as selfstarting induction motors. Other members of the family are the direct current dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. Explain what slip speed is for an ac induction motor, and why there must be such as thing as slip in order for an induction motor to generate torque. An electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. The principle of the electric motor physics assignment.
There are magnets attached to both an external stationary stator, and an internal rotor. The book is comprised of nine chapters that cover several aspects and types of motor and drive systems. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Jul 11, 2019 the dc motor is of vital importance for the industry today and is equally important for engineers to look into the working principle of dc motor in details that we have discussed in this article.
The rotor will never reach the synchronous speed, otherwise the e. To understand the operating principle of dc motor we need to first look into its. In a basic dc motor, an armature is placed in between magnetic poles. Have fun performance of the system compared with motor performance based on data sheet cim motor also known as chiaphua and atwood stall torque stall 347 ozin 2. My original aim was to bridge the gap between specialist textbooks which are pitched at a level too academic for the average user and. What is the working principle of an electric motor. An induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer. The torque is transmitted by joining the shaft of motor with the shaft of gear box. To generate a constant drag on the disk necessary to limit its rotational speed, a strong magnet is placed in such a way that its lines of magnetic flux pass perpendicularly through the disks thickness. This type of motor uses opposing and attracting magnetic forces to propel the ac through the motor. Dc motors also need a commutator to reverse current direction and keep the motor spinning.
Working of electric motor mainly depends upon the interaction of magnetic field. As soon as we supply direct current in the armature, a mechanical force acts. A motor that reverses the direction of an electrical current at regular times is called an alternating current motor, or more commonly known as an ac motor. These pages are intended to be read in conjunction with joes electric motors and generators pages of the hsc physics resources %7ejwhscmotors. This additional energy is not used to turn the motor shaft but circulates in the windings and ultimately contributes to internal energy losses. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor. The motor terminal board with its terminal designations and connections for windings and capacitors is depicted in fig.
This industryleading resource begins with electric motor principles, power requirements, and control methods and focuses on the safe operation. Introduction to how electric motors work electric motors are everywhere. Physics assignment help, principle of electric motor, an electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Jul 11, 2019 the electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Electric motors consist of a housing together with two or more pole shoes in which an armature is placed fig. Working principle of dc motor mainly depends upon fleming left hand rule. Physics principle of an electric motor physics youtube. This course is intended to prepare the target persons with the ability to understand and recognize different types, components, theory of operation and applications of all electrical motors. There are two types of motors namely dc and ac motors. Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized by the application of current in the stator coils 3. Question 1 electromechanical watthour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun by an electric motor. The electric motor is mainly classified into two types. What are the functions of parts in an electric motor.
Oct 10, 2012 this is a physics video that explains the basic principle of an electric motor generator. The very basic construction of a dc motor contains a current carrying armature, connected to the supply end through commutator segments and brushes. Module 15 electrical distribution systems this module describes basic electrical distribution systems and includes characteristics of system design to ensure personnel and equipment safety. Introduction to motors worcester polytechnic institute. The principle of the electric motor physics assignment help. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical force. An electric motor uses the attraction and repulsion of magnetic fields to produce motion. Describe how a squirrel cage motor is built, and classify it as either an induction motor or a synchronous motor. All of these motors work in more or less same principle. To understand the operating principle of dc motor we need to first look into its single loop constructional feature. The speed of an ac motor depends on the frequency of the input power and the number of poles for which the motor is wound. Jul 08, 20 principle, construction and working of an electric motor meant for cbse class x students. The basic engine principle of electric cars all about. Explain how this motor can be operated as either a synchronous motor or a plain induction motor. Oct 06, 2016 induction electric motor is also called asynchronous motor because it runs at a speed less than synchronous speed which is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in a rotary machine and it depends upon the frequency and number of poles of the motor. The main parts of an electric motor include the stator and rotor, a series of gears or belts, and bearings to reduce friction. The dc motor is of vital importance for the industry today and is equally important for engineers to look into the working principle of dc motor in details that we have discussed in this article. The principle of the electric motor physics assignment help and the principle of the electric motor physics homework help available 247, as well as assignments experts and tutors also available online for hire. The primary classification of electric motor is as follows.
The magnet is spun by a 3 phase ac motor with no rotor voltage 4. Sometimes the goal of using a gear motor is to reduce the rotating shaft speed of a motor in the device being driven, such as in a small electric clock where the tiny synchronous motor may be spinning at 1,200 rpm but is reduced to one rpm to drive the second hand, and further reduced in the clock mechanism to drive the minute and hour hands. Principle of electric motor and generator slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The synchronous electrical generator also called alternator belongs to the family of electric rotating machines. An induction motor is an ac electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor of electric motor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. The inertia referred to the motor shaft, the type of load. The principle of the electric motor by physics assignment the kicking wire experiment.
Placing a coil of wire inside a permanent magnetic field and fixed so it can. An introduction to electrical motors basics course description. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. From the outside you can see the steel can that forms the body of the motor, an. Fundamentals, types and applications provides information regarding the inner workings of motor and drive system. There is even a little motor that is used to eject the removable disk from its drive. This promoted the induction motor spectacular comeback in variable speed drives with applications in all industries. One major benefit of electric motors is that they allow displacement of a power source at some distance from the point where motive power is needed. You can see that this is a small motor, about as big around as a dime. Working principle of induction motor synchronous motor. The motor can deliver between 20,000 watts to 30,000 watts of power.
Electric motor drive installation and troubleshooting. The simplest and cheapest dc motor is the brushed dc motor. Electric motor parts of motor, working of electric motor. At the small end of the power scale are motors that drive the hands. This is a physics video that explains the basic principle of an electric motor generator. Introduction to electric motors linkedin slideshare. Dc motors are easy to maintain, more efficient and also allow greater acceleration.
The direction of the force is given by flemings left hand rule. For example, motors in frames 18250 can be supplied for operation under low starting voltage conditions down to 65% of nameplate rated voltage. In other words, the devices which produce rotational force is known as the motor. An electrical motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motor drive installation and troubleshooting is designed for technicians in the field responsible for installing, programming, troubleshooting, and retrofitting electric motor drives. An electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electrical motors ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Electric motor is the electromechanical machine which converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy. A machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. What is the function of an electric motor, and what. And there is an external spigot on the front cover for fixing the motor to connecting plate or gear box. Switching devices performing this latter function are referred to as motor pro. Principle of motor operation 311 variable reluctance motor 312 hybrid motor 314 summary 317 motor characteristics 318. In an asynchronous motor there is a set of rotor windings shorted or closed through resistors.
You can also bend two paper clips one for each side to make a holder. This module describes electrical measuring and test equipment and includes the parameters measured and the principles of operation of common instruments. This is the principle of working of electric motor. The battery pack is the energy source of the vehicle. A singlephase motor works due to the same principle. A brushed dc motor is like the simple loop generators weve seen in cartoons or the jensen generator used with the steam engine, only run backwards. Once youve got the basic idea and understand the physical principles and the maths, youre ready to explore how. An electronic controller is normally known as the brain which actually controls the amount of power to be transmitted to the electric motor from the battery pack. Electric motors and drives is intended for nonspecialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theorybased academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding. A needle makes the perfect holder for the wire leads. Working or operating principle of dc motor electrical4u. Principles of motors and drives electrical components. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils.
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